Adversaries may communicate using short range wireless communication. Short range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are commonly integrated into modern vehicles to enable features such as hands-free calling, audio streaming, and wireless connectivity. By tapping into these wireless systems, attackers can remotely access vehicular networks within a limit range, often bypassing traditional security measures.
This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of system features.