Hardware Additions

Adversaries may gain initial access to vehicle systems by exploiting hardware additions. This could involve manipulating or adding physical components to the vehicle's systems in order to gain unauthorized access.

For example, adversaries may discover a debug port on the board, such as UART, and connect to the UART port. This connection could then be used to gain unauthorized access to the system, obtain boot logs, debug logs, and potentially manipulate the system.

In the context of vehicle cybersecurity, hardware additions pose a significant threat as they can provide adversaries with a direct and physical means of compromising the vehicle's systems.